Since the passage of its landmark climate regulations 17 years ago, California has been a leader in the

By Josh Ye HONG KONG Chinese tech giant Tencent Holdings said that it will look for domestic source

The heat wave that’s gripped parts of the continent is set to give way to cooler weather in

Artificial intelligence and machine learning are “virtually embedded in every product”, Apple chief executive Tim Cook has said, amid ongoing questions over the company’s plans. In recent months, as hype over AI has increased and most of Apple’s competitors have rolled out new features making use of the technology, Apple has stayed largely silent on its plans. During its recent Worldwide Developers Conference keynote event, for instance, it did not mention the world artificial intelligence at all. That has led to concerns from some analysts that the company is failing to keep up with the quickly advancing technology, and that it could miss out on the opportunities it could bring. But Tim Cook said Apple has been looking into artificial intelligence “for years” and that it was increasing that investment. Mr Cook made the comments as the company revealed its latest results, which showed a slump in sales of many of its products that was slightly offset by the increasing success of its services division. He also said that the technology are central the design of its products, indicating that it was wrong to suggest that Apple had not yet integrated the technologies into its products. “We view AI and ML as fundamental core technologies. And they are virtually embedded in every product that we build,” Mr Cook told CNBC in an interview. “On a research basis, we’ve been doing research for on AI and machine learning, including generative AI, for years,” he added. The chief executive also said that Apple’s focus on artificial intelligence was one of the reasons that the results showed an increase in spending on research and development. “We’re going to continue investing and innovating and responsibly advancing our products with these technologies to help enrich people’s lives,” Cook said. “Obviously, we’re investing a lot, and it is showing up in the R&D spending that you’re looking at.” Read More Apple results show sales slumping Apple planning new version of AirTags – but not for some time The iPhone 15 is going to help Apple achieve one very big dream

ChatGPT’s creators have attempted to get the system to explain itself. They found that while they had some success, they ran into some issues – including the fact that artificial intelligence may be using concepts that humans do not have named for, or understanding of. Researchers at OpenAI, which developed ChatGPT, used the most recent version of its model known as GPT-4 to try and explain the behaviour of GPT-2, an earlier version. It is an attempt to overcome the so-called black box problem with large language models such as GPT. While we have a relatively good understanding of what goes into and comes out of such systems, the actual work that goes on inside remains largely mysterious. That is not only a problem because it makes things difficult for researchers. It also means that there is little way of knowing what biases might be involved in the system, or if it is providing false information to people using it, since there is no way of knowing how it came to the conclusions it did. Engineers and scientists have aimed to resolve this problem with “interpretability research”, which seeks find ways to look inside the model itself and better understand what is going on. That has often required looking at the “neutrons” that make up such a model: just like in the human brain, an AI system is made up of a host of so-called neutrons that represent parts of the data it uses. Finding those is difficult, however, since humans have had to pick through the neurons and manually inspect them to find out what they represent. But some systems have hundreds of billions of parameters and so actually getting through them all with people is impossible. Now, researchers at OpenAI have looked to use GPT-4 to automate that process, in an attempt to more quickly pick through the behaviour. They did so by attempting to create an automated process that would allow the system to provide natural language explanations of the neuron’s behaviour – and apply that to another, earlier language model. That worked in three steps: looking at the neuron in GPT-2 and having GPT-4 try and explain it, then simulating what that neuron would, and finally scoring that explanation by comparing how the simulated activation worked with the real one. Most of those explanations went badly, and GPT-4 scored itself poorly. But researchers said that they hoped the experiment showed that it would be possible to use the AI technology to explain itself, with further work. The creators came up against a range of “limitations”, however, that mean the system as it exists now is not as good as humans at explaining the behaviour. Part of the problem may be that explaining how the system is working in normal language is impossible – because the system may be using individual concepts that humans cannot name. “We focused on short natural language explanations, but neurons may have very complex behavior that is impossible to describe succinctly,” the authors write. “For example, neurons could be highly polysemantic (representing many distinct concepts) or could represent single concepts that humans don’t understand or have words for.” It also runs into problems because it is focused on specifically what each neuron does individually, and not how that might affect things later on in the text. Similarly, it can explain specific behaviour but not what mechanism is producing that behaviour, and so might spot The system also uses a lot of computing power, the researchers note. Read More Google to unveil major new AI AI robots figure out how to play football in shambolic footage White House asks hackers to break ChatGPT White House reveals plan to ‘protect’ citizens from danger of AI DeepMind boss says human-level AI is just a few years away Regulator to probe use of artificial intelligence such as ChatGPT

SAVE $40: The Beats Studio Buds+ are on sale for $129.95 at Amazon as of

Origin Energy Ltd.’s top investor AustralianSuper said it will reject an improved A$19.4 billion ($12.5 billion) takeover offer

SANTA CLARA, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Jun 19, 2023--

Investors fretting that Nvidia Corp.’s massive stock buyback allocation would leave it short of funds for vital research

Spotify Technology SA is planning a more expensive subscription option that’s expected to include high-fidelity audio in an

About a week ago, the US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency and the FBI sent out a joint

The iPhone is a device that redefined the term "cell phone." With about 1.2 billion active devices out in the world, Apple's trademark product created a revolution in the mobile phone industry, marking a shift away from the flip phones and keyboards of the past toward a future full of larger touch screens and powerful cameras.