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A group of geologists has recently achieved a breakthrough in identifying potential sites for the formation of diamonds. Diamonds, the hardest naturally occurring material we have found, originate under the extreme conditions of immense pressure and high temperatures deep within the Earth's interior. These precious gems are occasionally pushed to the surface in molten rock formations known as kimberlite. However, there are currently two competing theories regarding what is responsible for this rush of kimberlite which brings diamonds to the surface. In a recent study, these theories were closely examined by a research team. In a piece for The Conversation study author and Associate Professor in Earth Science at the University of Southampton, Thomas Gernon explained: “one proposes that kimberlite magmas exploit the ‘wounds’ created when the Earth’s crust is stretched or when the slabs of solid rock covering the Earth - known as tectonic plates - split up.” “The other theory involves mantle plumes, colossal upwellings of molten rock from the core-mantle boundary, located about 2,900km [1,802] beneath the Earth’s surface.” However, neither of these theories adequately explains how magma manages to find its way through the Earth's crust, or the specific composition of the resulting kimberlite. By employing statistical analysis and machine learning, the team analysed the breakup of continents and its correlation with kimberlite formation. Their findings indicated that the majority of kimberlite volcanoes erupt 20 to 30 million years after tectonic breakup. “It also added a major clue,” Gernon explained. “Kimberlite eruptions tend to gradually migrate from the continental edges to the interiors over time at a rate that is uniform across the continents.” Delving deeper into their investigation through computer-generated models, the team ultimately concluded that diamond eruptions stem from a "domino effect." As continents gradually drift apart from each other, they generate rifts of thinned crust. As this happens, regions of thick, cold rock descend into the hot magma beneath, inducing an upsurge of the mantle, which in turn triggers a similar flow in nearby continents. Gernon elaborated on the team's findings, saying, "Various other results from our computer models then advance to show that this process can bring together the necessary ingredients in the right amounts to trigger just enough melting to generate gas-rich kimberlites,” Gernon explained. “Once formed, and with great buoyancy provided by carbon dioxide and water, the magma can rise rapidly to the surface carrying its precious cargo.” Moreover, the same methodology could potentially be employed to locate diamonds and other rare elements. “The processes triggering the eruptions that bring diamonds to the surface appear to be highly systematic,” Gernon siad. “They start on the edges of continents and migrate towards the interior at a relatively uniform rate.” The study is published in the journal Nature. Sign up to our free Indy100 weekly newsletter Have your say in our news democracy. Click the upvote icon at the top of the page to help raise this article through the indy100 rankings.

HANOI, Vietnam--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Jul 19, 2023--

The next Legend to get an Heirloom in Apex Legends Season 19 is likely either Catalyst, Mad Maggie, Newcastle, Vantage, or Ballistic.

Elon Musk's rebranding of Twitter to 'X' continues as the new logo is officially placed on top of the company's building in San Fransisco, and just as almost every decision made by Musk since he took over the platform, this one is being made fun of just the same. The X has appeared on top of the building after San Francisco police stopped workers on Monday from removing Twitter's bird logo from the side of the building after they hadn't taped off the sidewalk to keep pedestrians safe in the case that something fell. Any change to the sing also requires a permit to make sure that everything is safely attached as well as ensuring that any letters or symbols are consistent "with the historical nature of the building," according to Patrick Hannan, spokesperson for the Department of Building Inspection. In light of the 'X' now on top of the building, the city of San Francisco has opened a complaint and launched an investigation as planning review and approval is also necessary for the sign. Sign up to our free Indy100 weekly newsletter After a photo of the new sign was posted on social media, many continued to mock Musk for his persistence to rebrand the website: Musk has tweeted photos and videos of the new sign as well as saying that the landlord of the building "keeps calling the police about our sign modifications!" The 'X' logo appeared at the top of the desktop version of the site on Monday as Musk works on rebranding the entire platform. Have your say in our news democracy. Click the upvote icon at the top of the page to help raise this article through the indy100 rankings.

Warzone 2 Season 5 Reloaded goes live on Wednesday, Aug. 30 at 12 p.m. ET with the 21 Savage Operator, Fort Resurgence, and more.