Ever wondered what’s hiding at the bottom of the English Channel? Deep sea divers do – partly because the cold waters and strong tides make it a notoriously difficult place to explore. One relic down there that few people have seen is the remains of an 8,000-year-old civilisation in an area called Doggerland – the landmass that once connected the British Isles to Europe. A National Geographic team led by scientist Albert Lin went down there in 2019 to find the so-called "lost city". The first thing they found were the remains of a tree, which had survived underwater for more than 8,000 years. As the divers went deeper, they came across a wooden structure that Lin thought could be a dock. “It feels like we are sitting in an ancient ghost town, but underwater,” he said. The existence of Doggerland was first confirmed in the late 19th century, but it wasn’t until about 100 years ago that ships started accidentally unearthing items of archaeological importance. In 1931, a trawler hauled up a lump of peat while fishing about 25 miles east of Norfolk. It contained an antler point, which was possibly used as a spear, dating from between 10,000BC and 4,000BC. Back on the surface, Lin described the wooden structure as “a whole platform down there. It's layered, one piece on top of the other, almost like a dock”. He added:” It’s cold down there and murky. But it's incredible. “You know, you descend down this line and out of the darkness comes the ancient past.” The wood survived because it was so deprived of oxygen, according to maritime archaeologist Garry Momber. “It's just preserved in a sort of anaerobic, oxygen-free environment. It would have stayed there for many more thousands of years. “But recently, the old landscape’s eroding away, which is how we found this.” The maritime archaeologist said finding composite structures like this was of 'international significance'. “It's 8,000 years old,” Momber added. “You don't just get these everyday.” Sign up for our free Indy100 weekly newsletter How to join the indy100's free WhatsApp channel Have your say in our news democracy. Click the upvote icon at the top of the page to help raise this article through the indy100 rankings

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A scientist who found the oldest water ever discovered on Earth decided the best course of action was, of course, to drink it. Professor Barbara Sherwood Lollar was leading a team of geologists studying a Canadian mine in 2016 when she made the remarkable discovery. The flowing water about three kilometres below the surface was between 1.5bn and 2.6bn years old, according to tests, making it the oldest water found on Earth. “When people think about this water they assume it must be some tiny amount of water trapped within the rock,” said Prof Sherwood Lollar. “But in fact it’s very much bubbling right up out at you. These things are flowing at rates of litres per minute – the volume of the water is much larger than anyone anticipated.” Upon tasting the ancient water, she found that it was “very salty and bitter” and “much saltier than seawater”. That was an encouraging sign, because saltier water tends to be older. In this case, where the water has been ageing for billions of years, it is hardly surprising. “If you’re a geologist who works with rocks, you’ve probably licked a lot of rocks,” said Sherwood Lollar. Her team also found that life had once been present in the water, by looking at the sulphate – the composition of salts – in it. “We were able to indicate that the signal we are seeing in the fluids has to have been produced by microbiology – and most importantly has to have been produced over a very long time scale. “The microbes that produced this signature couldn’t have done it overnight. “This has to be an indication that organisms have been present in these fluids on a geological timescale.” Fortunately, the scientist had no terrifying sci-fi movie-esq reaction to drinking the ancient water, and lived to tell the tale. The paper was published in Nature in 2016. How to join the indy100's free WhatsApp channel Sign up to our free Indy100 weekly newsletter Have your say in our news democracy. Click the upvote icon at the top of the page to help raise this article through the indy100 rankings.

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